196 Horses on Board Ship. 



In a flush-deck ship, which has no freeing 

 ports, the dung will have to be carried to the 

 flush deck and deposited over the side. The 

 dung can best be removed from the stalls by 

 means. of shallow wicker-work baskets (skeps). 



Mucking-out is necessary, not only for the 

 removal of dirt and bad smells, but also to 

 obviate the heating effect which the decom- 

 position of dung and urine would have. 



In mucking-out, only the dung and the wet 

 portion of the hay which is under the horse 

 should be removed ; the remainder of the hay 

 being left to give soft and secure foot-hold to 

 his fore feet. No attempt should be made to 

 clean the stalls by flushing them with water ; 

 because any effort in such a direction would be 

 limited to one or two stalls (except when the 

 two lower division boards are removed, page 



