98 VETERINARY LECTURES 



round the ground surface of the wall, into which the 

 shoe is fitted, there being no covering on the sole. It 

 certainly gives the frog full play, but does not answer 

 for animals in use on macadamized roads and paved 

 streets. 



(2) Hunters are generally shod with a broader web, having 



a flat face next the sole, which it slightly covers 

 (giving support to the connexion of the wall with the 

 sole), well seated, and grooved on the ground surface, 

 imitating, as far as possible, the bottom of the foot, 

 so as to get a better grip of the ground (Plate 

 XV., 2 A and 2B). 



(3) Hackneys and Carriage- Horses. — A shoe is generally 



adopted that is well seated on the upper surface, next 

 the sole, with a good flat level bearing at the heels, 

 and round the bottom surface of the wall (Plate 

 XV., Nos. 3 and 2 B) ; but for a good foot (as Nos. 1 

 or 2, par. 176), a shoe prepared on the lines of the 

 hunter's shoe is to be preferred. 



(4) Cart and Waggon Horses have shoes made similar 



to those for carriage-horses, but much heavier and 

 broader, being seated on the surface next the foot. 

 They are generally turned up at the heels (caulkings), 

 and have a toe-piece (Plate XV., 4 A and 4 B). 

 This turning up of the heel, more particularly in 

 dealing with a young horse, is a great mistake. It 

 should be shod flat, as the heels lift the foot from its 

 centre of bearing, and the frog is taken away from its 

 proper work. This is fully explained under Side- 

 Bones (par. 192). 



(5) Bar Shoes are used for weak-heeled horses, or where 



damage has been done to the quarters. They give 

 additional support and pressure to the frog and relieve 

 side-bones and corns (Plate XV., No. 5). 



