THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 



169 



away. All the balls were passed within fourteen days, being found 

 among the faeces. The largest one is 6J inches in circumference 

 very smooth, and quite round. The cob never had any medicine. 



263. Calculi are of three kinds — viz., phosphatic, oathair, and 

 mixed. The phosphatic are those described above ; the oathair, 

 very large, and oblong in shape, are made up almost entirely of the 

 beard of grain, are much convoluted, and are known as the ' mul- 

 berry'; whilst the mixed partake of the nature of both the foregoing, 



Fig. 10. — Calculi. 



X Mulberry calculi, weighed 7I pounds. 



but are of various shapes and sizes, and only slightly convoluted. 

 (Fig. 10.) 



264. Constipation, or impaction of the large bowel with food, 

 causing inertia of the intestine and loss of tone, accompanied by 

 partial paralysis. We may have it with or without flatulence. One 

 of the greatest causes of constipation I have met with in the horse 

 is a slight feed of new grass or clover — fog partially dried. The 

 indications are slight colicky pains ; the animal lies down, and may 

 remain quiet for three or four hours, occasionally screwing itself on 

 its belly, getting up, stretching, and standing with the hind-legs well 



