3io VETERINARY LECTURES 



491. Broken Nose. — The bones of the nose may be broken or 

 delved in from some injury, such as a kick from another horse or by 

 the horse itself running away and coming in contact with a stone 

 wall or other obstruction. The loose pieces of bone must be 

 removed, the bleeding stopped by the application of cold water and 

 antiseptics, and the parts dressed as a contused wound. 



492. Haemorrhage, or bleeding from the nose, both in the horse 

 and cow, may arise from other causes than injuries, or from growths 

 in the nasal passages. The bleeding may be either from the lining 

 membrane of the nose or from the lungs, and I have on several 

 occasions seen profuse haemorrhage from the nose of the cow follow 

 difficult parturition. Treatment. — Perfect quietness is necessary, with 

 a plentiful application of cold water to the forehead and face, and 

 the nostrils should be plugged with sponge, cotton-wool, etc. Give 

 also J-ounce doses of tincture of iron every four or six hours in 

 3 gills of cold water, followed with eggs beaten up in milk and 

 water to drink. Hypodermic injections of adrenalin are said to have 

 a wonderful action on these haemorrhages. 



493. The nasal chambers and frontal sinuses of the sheep are at 

 times infested by the larvae of the gad-fly (CEstrus ovis), which 

 resemble the ' warbles ' found in the cow's back or the ' bots' in the 

 horse's stomach. At one time it was thought that the larvae were 

 developed from eggs deposited within the nostrils, but it is now 

 stated that the perfect fly deposits the young live larva within the 

 rim of the nostril, whence, by means of small hooks, it crawls up 

 inside the nose, where it develops. After remaining there for about 

 ten months to mature, it then drops out of the nose on to the ground, 

 and buries itself in the earth for a few weeks, when it emerges in the 

 form of the perfect insect to recommence its life cycle, the usual time 

 for the fly to make its appearance being during the summer months. 

 Symptoms. — When the fly attacks the sheep to deposit its larvae, the 

 sheep hold their noses close to the ground or under the bodies of their 

 companions, and try to get away from their tormentors. When the 

 parasite gains its habitat, it causes sneezing and a discharge from 

 the nose. Treatment is of little avail, but injecting a mixture of two 

 parts of turpentine and four of olive oil up the nostrils, or the inhala- 



