THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS 311 



tion of iodine fumes (pav. 549) may be tried. Prevention. — Smear the 

 sheep's nose once a week during the summer months with a mixture 

 of equal parts of Stockholm tar and palm oil. 



494. Catarrh, or Cold. — A watery discharge from the nose and 

 eyes. The skull contains sinuses, or cavities, which give strength and 

 lightness to the head, and have communication with the atmosphere 

 through the medium of the nostrils. These cavities are subject 

 to irritation and inflammation, and are so affected in cases of 

 common cold, which is of so frequent occurrence in early spring. 

 This may be called simple catarrh or cold in the head. Symptoms. — 

 In such cases there may or may not be much constitutional disturb- 

 ance or rise of temperature, but the animal seems dull and languid, 

 the coat is staring, and watery discharges come from the eyes and 

 nostrils. Immediately these conditions are observed, and the horse 

 is noticed not to take its food freely, it should be knocked off work, 

 put into a nice, dry, airy loose-box, clothed well, have its legs 

 bandaged, and be nursed for a few days. Boiled barley, a little 

 treacle and bran, with a tablespoonful of nitrate of potash, should be 

 given night and morning. Carrots and green food are of great 

 service, and hay-tea should be given to drink. These apparently 

 simple cases are always, however, to be regarded as dangerous, for 

 if neglected, or should the horse get another chill, they may end 

 rather suddenly in congestion of the lungs, followed by death. 

 Again, neglected cases may run on into nasal gleet, 



495. Nasal Gleet is a chronic mattery discharge from one or 

 both nostrils. Now, the discharges from the nostrils are from so 

 many different sources, such as chronic inflammation of the lining 

 membrane, abscesses in the sinuses, diseased teeth, abscesses in, 

 and affections of, the pharynx, larynx, and the lungs, and also from 

 that formidable disease called glanders, that it is of the very greatest 

 importance that in cases with such discharge a professional man be 

 consulted at once to determine the nature of the complaint and to 

 treat accordingly. Treatment. — In cases of abscesses in the sinuses 

 or of a diseased molar tooth the parts have to be opened out — for 

 which purpose a tubular saw, termed a trephine, is employed — and 



