3 i8 VETERINARY LECTURES 



thought that the left side of the larynx is more especially affected in 

 roaring. Be this as it may, mares and ponies are rarely so much 

 affected as the heavier stallions and geldings. Various operations 

 have been tried for its cure, the latest being the cutting into the larynx 

 through the crico-thyroidean ligament, and stripping the lining 

 mucous membrane from the inside of the larynx, when the cartilages 

 become united. Good accounts are given of this operation, which 

 is now being performed by several specialists, but, so far, nothing is 

 better than tracheotomy. By this a horse can be made serviceable 

 for years, either for fast or slow work. 



507. In an examination for soundness, it is a matter of vast 

 importance to carefully test the wind. In a strong horse particularly 

 it is usual to put the animal against the wall and feign to strike it. 

 If the subject be a roarer, it will in the majority of cases give a long 

 groan ; but if a sharp grunt be emitted, the probability is that the 

 horse is only a nervous grunter. Nevertheless, the animal may 

 make no sound whatever, and yet be a confirmed roarer, and there- 

 fore I consider this a very imperfect test. The best plan is either to 

 gallop the horse some distance, or to make it pull a heavy load up- 

 hill. These trials will soon prove whether the animal is a roarer or 

 not. 



508. Whistlers and High-blowers are modified forms of 

 roarers, and should always be regarded with suspicion. The causes 

 are generally similar to those which produce roaring. 



509. Bronchocele or Goitre. — This is an enlargement of the 

 thyroid gland {Plate XXXVI., No. 20), by no means common in 

 domestic animals, but of frequent occurrence in human beings, 

 especially those living in limestone districts, near high mountains — 

 e.g., the Alps and Himalayas. Iodine preparations I have found to 

 have the best effect, such as 2-drachm doses of iodide of potassium 

 given once a day in a mash for ten days or so, and iodide ointment 

 applied to the enlargement once every third day (par. 1066, No. III.). 



510. Bronchitis, or inflammation of the lining membrane of the 

 bronchial tubes in the lungs, arising from causes similar to those 



