$11 VETERINARY LECTURES 



dilated ; the breathing is short, quick, and panting ; the legs are spread 

 wide apart, and the muscles of the body and limbs are all in a quiver. 

 The rider having dismounted, the girths should be slackened, and 

 the horse's head turned to the wind ; then, after it has settled down 

 a little, the contents of the horseman's flask, or that of his com- 

 panions, can be given, with an equal quantity of water. The 

 patient should next be carefully led to the nearest box, when 

 4 drachms carbonate of ammonia made into a ball, with a little 

 linseed meal and water, may be given at once, and the body 

 sheeted and legs bandaged, as detailed in pav. 511. A dose of 

 nuclein may also be given hypodermically. 



514. In acute congestion, if early on the scene, I know of no 

 better or quicker relief than that obtained by taking 3 or 4 quarts of 

 blood from the jugular vein. This takes off the pressure, allows 

 freedom to the right side of the heart, and gives the functional vessels 

 a little liberty to relieve themselves. If this be followed up by the 

 administration of stimulants — and nothing is better than the 

 carbonate of ammonia ball named in pav. 513, given every four or six 

 hours — the result will generally be favourable. The after-treatment 

 should be much the same as that recommended under Bronchitis, 

 par. 511. Any of the foregoing complaints may end in pneumonia, or 

 inflammation of the lungs. 



515. Pneumonia (Inflammation of, and Structural Change of, 

 One or Both Lungs). — The air cells become blocked up, and consolida- 

 tion of the lungs takes place, in which either a portion of a lung, or 

 one lung, or both, may be involved. Pneumonia, arising as it does 

 from a variety of causes (see Laryngitis, par. 500), and passing 

 through many stages, requires careful treatment, and should be placed 

 in the hands of a skilled practitioner without delay. When it is 

 certain that the disease really is true pneumonia, then more heroic 

 treatment may be adopted than that used for bronchitis. Treatment. — 

 At the early part of the attack, when the animal's breathing is 

 hurried, the nostrils dilated, the under side of the eyelids red, and the 

 pulse full and oppressed, with a temperature ranging from 105 to 

 106 , the extraction of 5 or 6 quarts of blood has a wonderfully good 



