THE URINARY SYSTEM 419 



the animal suffers great pain ; it strains and presses very much, the 

 hind parts swell up, and the urine, if not liberated, gets into the 

 body, producing uraemic poisoning, and causing death. Treatment. — 

 Cutting in at the base of the worm, or removing it entirely, some- 

 times gives relief ; the latter I have done on many occasions, both 

 in the ram and wether, and it in no way affected the former as a 

 stock-getter. When wethers folded on turnips suffer from this 

 complaint, the best preventive is to place over the field branches of 

 the common fir-tree — the sheep will eat the bark off them readily, 

 and by its action the formation of the crystals is avoided. 



727. Incontinence of Urine — an inability to retain the urine, 

 which may arise from a common cold — catarrh — attacking and 

 causing irritation of the lining membrane of the urinary organs, or 

 from loss of nervous energy in the bladder alone. Both conditions 

 give rise to a continuous dribble of urine, which must be treated 

 according to the cause. 



728. Paralysis of the Bladder is a want of nerve power in the 

 organ. It may be the result of local or general paralysis, milk fever, 

 injury, or overdistension with urine. In the last case the muscles 

 of the body of the bladder become so stretched that they lose their 

 tone, and are unable to contract and assist in expelling the fluid in 

 the usual way. Although the urine is constantly dribbling away, on 

 examination (by the rectum) the bladder is found to be full of water, 

 which must be drawn off with the catheter. If the complaint is 

 simply due to loss of nerve power, without other complications, a 

 tonic, such as 1 drachm each of sulphate of iron and nux vomica, 

 should be given daily, along with a liberal and nutritious diet ; 

 should it, however, occur as the result of some other disease or 

 injury, special treatment is required. 



DISEASES, ETC., OF THE MALE GENERATIVE 



ORGANS. 



729. Orchitis, or Inflammation of the Testicle. — This occurs 

 in the male species of all our domestic animals, but, generally 

 speaking, the ram is the greatest sufferer. It arises from some 



