THE URINARY SYSTEM 449 



comes away. The head may then be got into position, but if this 

 is not yet possible the other fore-limb must be removed in like 

 manner, when the foetus loses its support and drops into the bottom 

 of the womb, thus allowing the head to be got round by means of 

 hooks and cords, after which delivery follows. 



774. Plate XLVI., Fig. 7. — Both fore-legs are presented, and the 

 head is thrown back on to the hind-quarter — a very common occur- 

 rence in the mare — the bones of the face of the foetus being developed 

 to correspond with the convexity of the quarter. The feet are 

 usually seen outside the vulva, but only the tips of the ears can be 

 reached. In this case the operator should waste no time in trying 

 to turn the head round, but proceed at once to remove the forelegs 

 and turn the head as already described in the preceding case. This 

 last presentation in the mare I consider one of the most formidable 

 to be met with. 



775. Plate XLVI., Fig". 8, represents the foetus on its back, 

 with the ears and back of the head presented, and the feet back. 

 This is most readily put right by casting the patient, rolling it on 

 to its back, elevating the quarters with trusses of straw, and bringing 

 the head of the foetus round by hooks or cords (Plate LIL, Figs. 5 

 and G), when the feet may be placed in position by the hands or 

 secured with ropes. 



776. Plate XLVI I., Fig. 9, is a presentation with the hind-legs 

 coming in proper position for delivery, and this may take place with- 

 out any inconvenience to mother or offspring, but in many cases 

 where the foetus is large it dies in the birth. 



777. Plate XLVIL, Fig. 10, is a case where the points of the 



hocks are presented at the brim of the pelvis. Delivery may be 



accomplished (as is shown in Plate XLVIL, Fig. 11, and Plate 



XL VIIL, Fig. 12) by repelling the foetus into the womb, and pressing 



its quarters against the spine of the mother, steadying it there 



by the repeller or crutch (Plate LIL, Fig. 10), while the disengaged 



hand works the foot by pressing the toes into the hollow of the heel, 



bringing it round over the brim of the pelvis of the mother and into 



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