THE URINARY SYSTEM 467 



position of the foal, and the doubling of the horn of the womb, 



indicated a breech presentation. Some years prior to the foregoing 



occurrence I had a similar case in a black-polled cow, but the calf 



was lying in the opposite direction, with its tail next the anus of 



the mother, and could be distinctly felt through the walls of the 



womb. I attended the case for three days, during which time I 



made numerous attempts at delivery, but failed, and the cow had to 



be slaughtered. In all cases of difficult labour, although a great 



amount of patience, perseverance, and manual labour is required, 



success mainly depends on the judicious use of both hands and 



instruments {Plate LIL), or, as the late Professor Williams tersely 



used to put it : * Difficult calving and foaling are accomplished 



by the exercise of the brain.' Lord Bacon has well summed up 



the relationship between science and practice in the following 



sentence : 



' Neither the naked hand, nor the understanding, left to itself, can do much; 

 the work is accomplished by instruments and helps, of which the need is not 

 less for the understanding than the hand.' 



793. Post-Partum Haemorrhage, or flooding after calving, is 

 mostly seen at the first calving, and is generally due to too hasty and 

 rough usage {par. 768). This dangerous and often fatal haemorrhage 

 requires prompt attention. The animal must be kept perfectly quiet, 

 and cold-water sheets applied to the loins and quarters ; if the bleed- 

 ing is profuse, a cotton bed-sheet must be put into a pail of cold 

 water — to which has been added 1 ounce of tincture of iron — and 

 after being wrung partly out, it should be packed carefully and 

 quietly into the vaginal passage, and left there for three or four days, 

 or until it comes away by itself ; at the same time five or six eggs 

 beaten up in -| pint of whisky or brandy, in 1 pint cold water, 

 should be given every five or six hours. In many cases, after the 

 bleeding has stopped, the animal will go on doing well, feeding, 

 chewing the cud, milking, etc., for about twelve or fourteen days, 

 when the bleeding may break out again, and before anything can be 

 done the patient bleeds to death. The greatest care and watchful- 

 ness is therefore needed from the tenth to the twentieth day. 

 Adrenalin can be given either by the mouth or hypodermically. 



