5 o 4 VETERINARY LECTURES 



1029. Ecbolics, Parturients. — These act upon the womb, and cause it to 

 contract and expel its contents, or they arrest haemorrhage from the 

 womb. Excepting for the bitch, these agents are rarely used in veterinary 

 practice. Ergot of rye is supposed to be the best. 



1030. Embrocations, Liniments. — These are stimulating counter-irritants 

 used for external application for sprains, bruises, sore throats, etc. They 

 increase the action of the absorbent vessels, and also hurry forward sup- 

 purative processes. There are numerous formulas for the making of 

 liniments and embrocations. 



103 1. Emetics are articles used to cause vomiting and emptying of the 

 stomach. Those used in veterinary practice are for dogs and cats only. 

 One teaspoonful each of mustard and common salt, given in half a tea- 

 cupful of warm water, generally answers for a dog. 



1032. Emollients (see Demulcents). 



1033. Expectorants assist in the removal of the secretions from the air- 

 passages, and for this purpose ammonia, camphor, turpentine, and 

 balsams can be used ; but the best expectorant for the horse or cow in 

 catarrhal and lung affections is the inhalation of warm vapour, arising 

 from steamed hay in the bottom of a pail, over which some camphor 

 shavings, or oil of eucalyptus, and 1 quart of boiling water have been 

 sprinkled. 



1034. Escharotics (see Caustics). 



1035. Febrifuges, Antipyretics. — These agents are numerous, and have 

 different actions on various parts of the body, according to the cause of 

 the fever, but are generally used for lowering the temperature of the 

 body. In many cases in the horse and cow bleeding answers the quickest, 

 and with good effect ; in other cases purgatives, when used judiciously, 

 greatly assist in lowering the temperature. Sponging the body with 

 cold water, and putting on a sheet wrung out of the water, and covering 

 up with woollen rugs, have also a good effect. The medical agents used 

 are spirits of nitre, antimony, camphor, salicylates, carbolic acid, quinine, 

 etc. In sympathetic fever, from 1% to 3 ounces of hyposulphite of soda 

 can be given every six hours as a drench, or in drinking-water. Sulphate 

 of quinine or salicylate of soda can also be given. 



1036. Germicides, Parasiticides, Insecticides. — These are preparations 

 that destroy parasitic or insect life. Those most commonly used are 

 carbolic acid and carbolic preparations generally, such as phenyle and 

 sheep-dip preparations ; also chlorides, bromides, and iodides. The in- 

 halation of chlorine, sulphur, or iodide fumes acts as a parasiticide to 

 the small thread-worms in the bronchial tubes in young calves and 

 lambs when affected with hoose (see Worms). 



1037. Hypnotics and Sedatives are used to induce sleep and relieve pain. 

 The substances commonly used are laudanum, morphia, chloral hydrate, 

 bromide of potassium, and spirits. Excepting in the dog and cat, sleep 

 is difficult to induce in the larger animals. 



