52o VETERINARY LECTURES 



elevated, and the draught then administered by the aid of a special tin 

 drenching-bottle or a long-necked glass bottle, the neck of the bottle 

 being inserted into the mouth on the off side, and the contents of the bottle 

 emptied slowly and carefully into the mouth. The Cow is best drenched 

 with the old-fashioned drenching-horn. The head of the cow is steadied 

 by an assistant standing on the left side and taking a firm hold of the 

 horns, while the operator, standing on the cow's right side, passes his left 

 arm round the forehead of the animal and- puts his fingers into her mouth 

 on the left side, takes a firm hold of the upper jaw, and with the right 

 hand the open end of the drenching-horn is inserted into the mouth, 

 the head elevated, and the contents of the horn delivered to the back 

 part of the mouth. A bottle may be used instead of the horn. The Pig 

 is best drenched by holding it by the ears, and inserting well into the 

 mouth an old strong-soled or wood-soled shoe, with a small hole in the toe 

 [Plate LI V., Fig. 3). Hold the shoe firmly in the mouth, and pour 

 the draught down the inside of it. In drenching the Dog, tie the upper 

 and lower jaws together with a piece of tape, and with the fingers pull the 

 cheek out behind the tape, and with a long-necked bottle — small as 

 possible — pass the draught between the cheek and back teeth. The pig 

 can also be drenched by this method as well. 



1087. Electuaries are medical agents mixed up and made into a paste or 

 mass, with honey, treacle, jellies, etc, and used in cases of sore throat, or 

 where it is dangerous to administer balls or draughts. A piece of the mass 

 is rubbed on the upper surface of the tongue, or on the roof of the mouth, 

 three or four times a day, when it is sucked in by the patient. It is 

 thought by many to have a soothing effect. 



1088. Enemas, Clysters, or Injections, are valuable agents, and are made 

 with cold or warm water, soap and water, tobacco infusion, solution of 

 aloes, etc., according to the purpose required. They are injected into 

 the bowel by the means of a large special syringe, or a funnel pipe 

 [Plate LI V., Fig. 4), or by a funnel fixed on to a long or short flexible 

 indiarubber tube; also by the injection pump, or by an ordinary india- 

 rubber enema syringe. Warm water or warm water and glycerine are 

 mostly used. 



1089. Firing is performed by specially made instruments, which are heated 

 in the fire to a deep-red heat, and lines are drawn over the diseased part 

 with the hot -iron, or the part is punctured by a pointed instrument made 

 hot. The operation can also be done by electricity with the thermo-cautery. 

 Firing hurries on the process of reparative inflammation in disease of the 

 bones, tendons, and joints, and also increases the power of absorption. 



1090. Fomentations are accomplished by warm, soothing agents applied to 

 a damaged or diseased part, and mainly consist of warm water, to which 

 medical agents may be added, according to circumstances. The process 

 can be performed by simply bathing the parts with a sponge or cloth, 

 applying woollen rugs wrung out of hot water, and by poultices, or 

 spongio-piline. 



1091. Fumigations are now extensively employed for the destruction of 

 disease-producing germs, parasitic pests, and for disinfecting stables and 



