ELEMENTS OP STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



55 



bears flowers to the -op, ana „ne spathe is open instead 

 of enclosing the column. Observe, however, that the 

 veining of the leaf (Fig. 83) is different, that of Calla 

 being straight, like the Dog's-tooth Violet. There is 

 also a difference in the flowers. Those of Indian-Tur- 

 nip were found to be dioecious, but the spadix, in the 

 present case, bears both stamens and pistils, and the 

 lower flowers, if not all, are perfect ; some- 

 times the upper ones consist of stamens 

 only. Fig. 8-1 shows one of the perfect I 

 flowers much enlarged. The stamens, it 

 will be observed, have two-celled anthers, 

 opening lengthwise. 



MARSH CALLA. 



Fig. 84. 



71. Showy Orchis. The flower of this plant 

 (Figs. 85, 8G) is provided with floral envelopes, all col- 

 oured like a corolla. As in Dog's-tooth Violet, we shall 

 call them collectively the perianth, although they are 

 not all alike. One of them projects forward in front 

 of the flower, forming the Up, and bears under- 

 neath it a long hollow spur, which, like the spurs of 

 Columbine, is honey-bearing. The remaining five con- 

 verge together forming a kind of arch over the centre 

 of the flower. Each flower springs from the axil of a 



