136 APPENDIX. 



erence to the pollen granule iu its fertilization of the 

 ovary. 



28. What is an axil ? What is the pajDpus ? 



29. What are the cotyledons ? What is their func- 

 tion, and what their value in systematic Botany ? 



30. Distinguish between Epiphytes and Parasites ; 

 Describe their respective modes of growth, and give ex- 

 amples of each. 



31. What is the difference between roots and subter- 

 ranean branches ? Define rhizoma, tuber, corm, and 

 bulb, giving examples of each. How does a potato differ 

 botanically from a sweet-potato ? 



32. Describe the calyx and corolla ; what modifica- 

 tions of parts take place in double flowers ? 



33. What is a fruit in Botany ? Explain the struct- 

 ure of an apple, graj^e, almond, strawberry, fig, and 

 jjineapple. 



34. What organs appear in the more perfect plants ? 

 In what two divisions are they comprised ? 



35. Weak climbing stems distinguished according to 

 the mode in which they support themselves, the direc- 

 tion of their growth, the nature of their clasping organs. 



36. Structure and parts of a leaf : What is most im- 

 poitant in their study ? Give the leading divisions, 

 and mention what secondary distinctions are required 

 in specific description ? 



37. Function of the flower : its origin : its essential 

 and accessory parts : names of the circles and their 

 component organs : circumstances which explain the 

 differences among flowers. 



38. Parts of the fully formed ovule and distinctions 

 founded on their relative position. 



39. Sub- kingdoms and classes of the vegetable king- 

 dom. 



SECOND CLASS TEACHERS' CEETIFICATES, 

 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 



1, Name the parts of the pistil and stamens of a 

 flower and give their uses 



