THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 4] 
in which the pobrachial areolet is prolonged open to the hind 
margin (Sciophila, Tetragoneura, Leia, Gnoriste, Myceto- 
phila, Cordyla): this type extends from Sciara to Zygoneura 
and Lestremia, and thence to Campylomyza and the Ceci- 
domyiz, in which the simplicity of the veining least of all 
admits or needs the application of the complicated nomen- 
clature that may have been retained in the previous families. 
The Bibionidez, in general, may perhaps be best illustrated 
by a comparison with the first type of Mycetophilidz (as 
Platyura, &c.); see Rhyphus also; while Scatopse seems not 
remote from the second type of that family, and Aspistes 
presents a case almost as hard to the assumed type as is that 
of the Diptera Hypocera. 
“The Culicide and Psychodini have the cubital vein 
simple, the radial forked. The Tipulide either have both 
these veins simple (Limnobia, Rhipidia, Rhamphidia, Sym- 
plecta, Idioptera), or the radial forked (Dixa),—Trichocera, 
Anisomera, Limnephila, Tipula, Ctenophora, Pachyrina, Ne- 
phrotoma, Erioptera, &c. In a very few cases (Ptychoptera, 
Limnophila immaculata, &c.) the veins divide in such a way 
that we must consider the radial as simple and the cubital 
forked. In nearly all other cases, when either of these is 
branched, it is the cubital, and this holds good among the 
other Macrocera (as Mycetophilide of the first section, and 
some Bibionidz), as well as in the Brachycera. In 'Tipula 
and the allied genera—Pachyrhina, Nephrotoma, Megistocera, 
Ctenophora—there are five externo-medial areolets, of which 
two are behind the discal areolet, while in the rest,—Limno- 
bia, Limnophila, Erioptera, Trichocera, Ptychoptera, &c.,— 
whether the externo-medial areolets be four or five, only one 
lies behind the discal areolet (which is sometimes wanting). 
Generally the anal areolet is open to the margin in the 
Nemocera, though there are a few exceptions (Eriocera 
nigra, Macq., and Limnobia Trentepohlii, Wied.), and closed 
in the Brachycera, or nearly so; and in the latter families 
(Muscide, &c.), small and distant from the margin. In 
Cylindrotoma, Macq. Dipt. pl. I. f. 15, the subcostal vein 
seems to reunite with the radial before the end, the usual 
termination of the former being probably obliterated, and 
what is elsewhere a transverse vein connecting the subcostal 
and radial, here appearing as the termination of the former. 
G 
