124 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
mouth outside the stem a round hole, continually throwing 
the chewed stuff away till it gets to the pith, and like as the 
same goes in the middle of the stem, right up and down, so 
also the caterpillar must take its way along this channel, and, 
always going forwards, he makes thus a canal in it of the 
same width as his body: it does not turn itself round, but 
only creeps forwards, or it can move itself out afterwards, as 
I have figured at fig. 4. After the caterpillar, through con- 
tinually eating away of the pith that continually stands before 
its mouth, lengthens the channel before it, it fills it behind 
with its filth, or excrement; and whenever it has thus eaten 
the stem empty up to the top, or other circumstances cause 
it to begin another, it leaves the former in the same way as it 
entered it, for it makes again another round hole, but now 
from the inside to the outside, and goes through the same 
elsewhere. 
“No. 5.—The grub undergoes the above changes inside 
the burr-stem ; but when it is about to become a pupa it does 
not creep into the earth like many other grubs of this kind 
(bende), but remains in its beloved cell: it has also the 
prudence to make the place where the change is to take 
place a little wider, or somewhat hollower, for as caterpillar 
they can stretch themselves out, and thus place themselves 
in a new channel, but that does not occur when they have 
become pupz ; besides, these are also somewhat thicker than 
the grub. Indeed, this is a wonderful idea in so small and 
contemptible a beast, and which it truly never found out for 
itself, but must draw our attention to the highest Wisdom and 
Might with feelings of reverence and awe. At fig. 5 I have 
pictured the pupa in a burr-stalk, and at fig. 6 a pupa out of 
the stalk in his natural form and colour: most are of this 
size, seldom greater, sometimes much smaller. They usually 
remain lying three or four months in the pupal state, and the 
longer they remain the darker they become. At last, when it 
has become quite ripe and is to come out as a fly, the wings 
begin to appear through the pupa-membrane one or two days 
before, and the rings of the pupa are visibly stretched out. 
“ No. 6.—The birth of the fly happens on the same wise, 
as I have more than once described it in the former part of 
this work. According to my observation the gold-cloth moths 
appear in the month of August, sometimes also, but seldom, 
