THE ENTOMOLOGIST 191 
present above 5 per cent., although the mortality of the trees 
is about the same. From this I gather either that the insect 
a secondary cause, or that the cold aspect is not favorable to 
the development of the insect beyond the stage when they 
have damaged the bark, and so more or less killed the tree. 
On slopes it is noticeable that the lowest side of the tree is that 
attacked, where by washing from rains the more tender bark 
is exposed, and very likely the drought cracks it a litle. My 
proposed remedies and modus operandi for the prevention of 
this evil are as follows:—1. To remove all trees which are 
visibly affected before the insect matures. This, through non- 
comprehension of the cause of disease, was not done, and our 
estate and the adjoining one have suffered by the presence of 
so many centres of evil left to take effect upon the surrounding 
coffee. 2. About the time the egg or young is still in or 
under the bark, to keep a staff of men rubbing the trees round 
the roots with iron gloves, or sticks, with sand, so as to crush 
the insect in its larva-state. 3. About the time the insect 
emerges, to keep boys hunting for and picking off the beetle 
as it adheres to the tree. 4. To let the same boys search for 
newly-made holes of emergence, and pass wires, &c., down 
them, so as to destroy the insects therein, in case the beetle 
should have the habit of re-entering the hole as a cache during 
the day. Your member's suggestion as to the non-destruction 
of insectivorous birds is a very good one; but I am afraid 
they are too few, or rather the insect-life is so immense, that 
they will not play a very important part in helping us. No 
one shoots birds in the bush round us.” Referring to one of 
the modes adopted by Mr. Gooch for killing the larve, 
Mr. Dunning suggested that rubbing the bark of the trees 
round the roots, as stated, would hardly have the desired 
effect, and would probably damage the tree more than the 
insect, Dr. Horn (of Philadelphia) also doubted the efficacy 
of the remedy of inserting wires in the holes, which he 
compared to shutting the stable-door when the steed was 
stolen. He stated that in Philadelphia a public park had 
been planted with a great many different kinds of exotic 
trees, and amongst them were some pines, which were all 
destroyed by two of their native species, Callidium antennatum 
and Monohammus dentator. None of their native trees 
suffered, but the foreign Conifere were killed immediately. 
Dr. Horn also stated that it was his belief that the Longicorns 
