THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 
by himself), maintains that the author of this startling 
hypothesis has confounded two distinct species; that alluded 
to as aforesaid being, as he conceives, a new species (to 
which he gives the name of P. Lichtensteinii), differing from 
P. Vastatrix in all stages of development, including that of the 
sexual race; while the manner in which it had been sought 
to explain the return of the progeny of the latter from the 
oaks to the vines, by means of a second suppositious winged- 
type, would be contrary to all the analogies of the genus. 
M. Lichtenstein demurs to these conclusions, and repudiates 
the name given by M. Balbiani, alleging:—(1) That the 
species adverted to by the latter is not new, being his 
P. Rileyi, described also by Kaltenbach in ]873, under the 
name of P. corticalis ; (2) that this is not the species which he 
had found on the Kermes oak; (3) that although the former 
subsists on the Quercus Robur, he expects to prove next 
year that both this species and the P. Vastatrix resort to the 
Q. coccifera to deposit their pupe; and (4) that he has 
found another species sparsely associated with these on the 
same oak, and nurtured thereon, being met with not only in 
the winged form, but also in the larval and pupal stages 
(distinguished by having two cylindrical and _ retractile 
tubercles between the antennex), on which he confers the 
name of P. Balbianii. With respect to the galls on the 
under side of certain vine-leaves, less frequently met with in 
France than in America, and having a fimbriated aper- 
ture from above, Mr. Riley, the State Entomologist of 
Missouri, has long since shown (Third Report, 1871) that 
the autumnal individuals emanating from these galls descend 
to the roots, as subsequently verified by M. Signoret and 
others; and more recently Mr. Riley has obtained a leaf-gall 
(which, however, subsequently proved abortive) from one of 
the root-infesting type, which he defines as Radicicola, in con- 
tradistinction to the other, which he designates as Gallecola. 
These galls, tenanted by an agamic apterous race, which 
never acquires wings (formerly attributed to the ovipositing 
winged females), Mr. Riley is now disposed to ascribe to the 
young hatched on the roots, more extensive experience 
having satisfied him that the presence of the Gallecola type 
is not the invariable precursor of the Radicicola in an unin- 
fected vineyard, nor in anywise essential to the continuance 
K 
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