196 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
butter-bur (Tussilago Petasites). Sometimes the presence of 
the larva may be detected near the bottom of the stems of the 
food-plant, but in most cases there are no visible signs to show 
the presence of the insect so busy at work within; and 
perhaps the best way to find the insect is to pluck up a leaf 
and examine the base: if sound, it is generally useless 
examining further. The large plants, in a dry situation, are 
the most likely. When full grown the larva eats its way 
through the roots, enters the soil, and changes to a reddish 
brown chrysalis, without constructing a cocoon of earth,—as 
stated in Newman’s ‘ British Moths,’—so far as my experience 
goes, and -remains in the pupal state about three or four 
weeks. I found my first pupa when searching for larve, 
July 21st; and at the present time, August 16th, there are 
several larve still feeding, so that it is possible to find larva, 
pupa and imago at the same time. Generally it is not 
advisable to begin digging for the pupz till the third week in 
August, as the pupe are then in a sufficiently advanced state, 
and may be taken with the least risk of injury. This season, 
for the first time, I have noticed a few larve have been 
infested with a species of Filaria, or thread-worm, apparently 
the same I have seen bred in larve of Xanthia citrago. The 
imago may be found by beating and examining the under 
side of the leaves (withered leaves preferred) in Sep- 
tember. Like most internal feeders, H. Petasitis is apt to 
grease badly.—R. Kay. 
Entomological Notes, Captures, §c. 
Lepidoptera taken at South Shields —Ou the 22nd July 
last 1 collected here on the coast one specimen of Lithosia — 
quadra; and on the 27th, two of Liparis chrysorrhea, one of 
L. auriflua, and one of L. Salicis; the two latter insects being 
new to this locality. L. chrysorrhcea was taken here two 
years ago; it has also been taken by my esteemed friend 
Mr. Wassermann, in his garden, at Cullercoats. Nonagria 
Elymi has been plentiful on the sand-reed siuce the end of 
June, and many of them are in fine condition still on 
August 10th. On July 25th a worn female of Heliothis 
peltiger came out of rest-harrow, where I was kueeling to box 
