THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 
in the summer myself, and they are certainly all S. faci. 
alis, H.; those bred in March and April of the second year 
may be S. melanopus, H. (= 5S. socialis, 7.), as this species 
passes the winter in many oak-galls. The identification of 
Synergi is always difficult, so it is quite likely that these two 
species—S. melanopus and S. facialis—were included by 
Walker under the Hartigian name, 8. socialis: a Synergus in 
the spring from this gall has not occurred to me at present. 
These are the true Inquilini, or, as Walker terms them, 
“dwellers in hired houses;” they are, I believe, invariably 
vegetable-feeders, living on the substance of the gall, and so 
in many cases depriving the legitimate inhabitants of their 
means of sustenance; in their manner of parasitism thus 
somewhat resembling the cuckoo-bees (Cuculine). I find no 
3 record of any other species of Cynipide, as having been 
. detected to be in any way connected with the galls of this 
species. 
HYMENOPTERA (Parasitic). 
Ichneumonide. 
Hemiteles areator, Panz., Grv.—This species las been 
bred from many Lepidopterous pupe, in which it is probably 
hyper-parasitic on other [chneumonide ; it was very probably 
connected with Tortrix viridana in this case. Ratzeburg 
records two other species of Hemiteles bred from this gall, 
viz., H. coactus, Rizd., and H. punctatus, Rizd. 
Lampronota segmentata = Lissonolta segmentator, Fab. 
(Entom. v. 432). 
Pimpla spp.?—Ratzeburg also records (Ichn. d. Forst.) 
two species of Pimpla from A. terminalis galls, both bred by 
Herr Reissig in the spring of the second year, viz., P. calobata, 
Grv., and P. caudata, Rizb.; whether these were the two 
species bred by Walker it is difficult to determine. P. alter- 
nans, Grv. = P. scanica, Vil/.,a species parasitic on Orchestes 
Quercus, has also occurred in these galls. 
ia 2 Jj 
ite 
Braconide. 
Bracon ?—March and May, second year. Ratzeburg 
received his B. caudatus from Herren Brischke, Tischbein, 
Reissig, and Nérdlinger, all obtaining it from these galls in 
May of the second year, thus coinciding with the six speci- 
mens bred by Walker in time of appearance. Bracon 
