46 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
lettuce-leaf, if provided by their care-taker, and then make 
little circular holes in those leaves, at first not much bigger 
than shot-holes. Viewed from the upper side of the leaf 
these holes have a very strange appearance: the body of the 
caterpillar is completely concealed by the leaf, while the 
head, just visible through the shot-hole, seems to be making 
mouths at you from the other side, after the manner of a 
clown grinning through a horse-collar; the incessant move- 
ment of the caterpillar’s jaws, as seen through a pocket-lens, 
tends to make the resemblance more complete. 
In August these caterpillars generally leave off eating, and 
prepare for their winter’s rest, retiring towards the roots of 
the herbage, and there remaining until April, when they feel 
the calls of hunger, again come abroad, and feed greedily. 
About the middle of May I have found them full fed, and 
building their cocoons, in which to undergo the transforma- 
tion to a chrysalis. The cocoon is rather a curious structure: 
it is composed of loosely-felted silk, abundantly interspersed 
with the red hairs which covered the body of the caterpillar, 
and which seem to have been shed for this especial service ; 
the shape of the cocoon is something like a boat turned 
upside down; the chrysalis is very dumpy, and quite black. 
Before assuming this state the caterpillar emits a quantity of 
greenish fluid, as stated by Mr. Eccles. This leaves a green 
stain on the cloth, very similar to that on the piece of news- 
paper in which Mr. Eccles had imprisoned them. [, am 
unable to decide whether this green fluid is ejected from the 
mouth or the anus; | think probably the latter, as such a 
discharge seems usually to follow the last excrementitious 
matter prior to the change toa pupa. The samples of injured 
cloth are very curious: they exhibit little holes of no particular 
form, but apparently cut by the mandibles of a caterpillar; 
there is, however, no single aperture large enough for the 
larva to have passed through: but I do not think this a 
difficulty of any moment, for the injury remains, and is 
unquestionably to be attributed to the larvae, whether they 
were detected occupying the holes, or utilising them as a 
means of escape. One thing seems perfectly clear, they 
could not have been made by the moths on their emergence 
from the pup; the solvent then used, of whatever nature, 
would not produce the appearance of having been gnawed, 
