112 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
of the Hesperians. The veins are slender: in the primaries 
la and 5 are as stout as the rest: the discal cell is short, 
connected transversely with 3 and with an areolet above: in 
the secondaries the cell is nearly obsolete, and the indepen- 
dent or vein 5 of secondaries is as stout as the others. 
(Comp. Fig. 30 a, b, with Fig. 31.) The antenne, though 
thickened at tip, are generally long and more or less supple, 
and there are two distinct ocelli between the eyes, behind the 
antenne. ‘The Castnians vary much in general appearance, 
but, whether we deal with the Brazilian Castnia Linus 
(Cram.) with its narrow, elongate, rounded, clear-spotted 
wings, and its remarkably elongate and swollen basal joint of 
the middle tarsi; or with C. Licus (Cram.) which has broad, 
angular wings; or with the genera Ceretes, Orthia, Gazera, 
and Synemon—we find the characters above-mentioned 
constant: they are typical of the family and are Heterocerous 
characters. Yucce, on the contrary, has none of these 
characters ; but in the smaller wings, in their venation, in the 
closeness of the small and narrow scales and hairyness at 
base, in having no ocelli, and in the unarmed secondaries, 
enlirely agrees with the Hesperians. 1 attach much less 
importance to the antenne, size of head and body, or even 
the spurs of tibiz ; because they are all more variable. Thus, 
while most of the Castnians have the antennal club tipped 
with a spine or a bunch of bristles, others (e.g. Castnia Orestes, 
Walker, from Surinam) have it of the same shape as in Yucce, 
and unarmed, or even more short and blunt (Synemon 
Theresa, Doubl.). Again, in most Hesperians the club tapers, 
or is curved at tip; but there are all degrees of variation, 
from the extremely curved club of Epargyreus Tityrus 
(Fabr.) to the straight and blunt club of Oarisma Poweshiek 
(Parker). The small head and subobsolete spurs in Yucce 
are abnormal compared with either family ; for most of the 
Castnians have the spurs much as in Hesperia, and the head 
almost as broad as the thorax. In the stiffer, relatively 
shorter antenne, with large club; in the spines which stud 
the tibie, as well as in the stoutness of the thorax and 
abdomen, Yucce is again Hesperian rather than Castnian. 
The Castnians, like the Uranians and many other exceptional 
moths, resemble the butterflies in being day-flyers ; but the 
position of the wings in repose, which is a more important 
