116 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
the leaf by means of a very delicate, extremely short stalk, 
and is not visible from the upper side. In shape it is either 
spherical, oval, reniform, or tuber- 
culate, and has a central diameter 
of two millimetres. In colour it is 
at first green; but later on it gene- 
rally changes to a brilliant red. 
The gall exhibits in section a suc- 
culent parenchyma; and in the 
\ Interior is a larva-cell, without an 
inner gall. In the month of Octo- 
ber the galls begin to fall off the 
leaves: they pass the winter on the 
ground. Dr. Giraud states that he 
did not obtain the flies till the fol- 
lowing summer.—G. L. Mayr. 
BrornHIZA RENUM. Having described the root, bark, 
and bud-gails, we now come to 
the large class of leaf-galls, thirty-three of which are 
described by Dr. Mayr. In his description of this gall he 
says, as above, that there is no inner gall; this he subse- 
quently corrects by saying, “I find a thin, but indistinct 
inner gall.” This species has been recorded from several 
localities in England and Scotland, and I have found it 
widely distributed in Essex, but it only occurs on the leaves 
for about the first fortnight in October, and, like the oak- 
spangles, it swells up in the winter; so, in order to be 
successful in breeding the gall-flies, it is necessary to keep it 
moderately moist. Dr. Giraud, who was ihe first to breed 
the Cynips, says :—“ It is remarkable that the galls inhabited 
by the Biorhiza assume a blackish colour and a regularly 
oval form, whilst those which are occupied by other insects 
remain yellow or red, and preserve their irregular form.” 
Synergus varius, H.,and S. Thaumacera, Dalm. (= Klugii, H., 
and luteus, #7.), are inquilines of this species, both occurring 
in April of the second year. Dr. Giraud mentions 8. vul- 
garis, H.; but, as this is not confirmed by Mayr, it is 
probable the specimens were referable to S. varius. 
Schlechtendal bred a male Callimome from these galls, but 
the species was not specified. The only other parasite I can 
find recorded is Mesopolobus fasciiventris, Weslw., in addi- _ 
tion to the Anthomyia (Diptera), which was bred by Hartig, — 
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