yr 1s 
THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 
substance of these galls, and in no way connected with the 
inner gall or dwelling proper of the Cynips. This I have 
also observed in the galls of C. Kollari, and in the cup of the 
galls of A. gemme, in which case the tenant is one of the 
Cynipide—Andricus trilineatus, H. It is an interesting case 
of parasitism, showing most clearly, although now proved 
beyond doubt, the vegetal subsistence of Synergus larve. It 
also has a bearing on the mode of life of different species, 
and its presence in such a situation in no way interferes with 
the production of the gall-maker. Schlechtendal describes 
four varieties of this gall, tenanted by the Dyrophanta, 
Synergi, and Pteromalide. He also observes that—* In galls 
which pass the winter under the leaves I can never find a 
Cynips.” The British inhabitants of these galls, bred by Mr. 
Rothera and named by Walker, were, besides the gall-maker, 
Synergus (sp.?), Eurytoma nodularis, Megastigmus dorsalis, 
Callimome elegans, and Callimome antennatus (? female, 
? versicolor). Mayr does not seem to have received M. dor- 
salis as an inhabitant of the cherry-galls. Walker observes 
that the specimens from these are rather larger than Ter- 
minalis-bred specimens. C. elegans is a willow-frequenting 
species. In addition to the above record of parasitism we 
have three species of Ichneumonide mentioned by Ratzeburg, 
as connected with this species, two of which were bred by 
Bouché and one by Brischke, viz.—Porizon claviventris, Gr.; 
Bracon aterrimus, Ra/z.; and Orthostigma gallarum, Ratz. 
He also bred or received the two species of Torymide, men- 
tioned above; his T. nanus, /érst., “from oak-leaf galls,” 
were probably from the galls of some other species. ‘T'wo 
species of Pteromalus—P. fasciculatus and P. jucundus—are 
mentioned by Forster; and, as noticed at p. 42 of this 
volume of the ‘ Entomologist,’ an Aphis—T. dryophila—may 
sometimes be found feeding on the incipient galls of this 
species.— FE. A. Fitch. 
49. Dryophanta folii, Linné (non Hartig).—The gall of 
this species is moderately common. It only occurs. on 
Quercus pubescens, It appears on the under side of the 
leaves about the beginning of June; it is of about the size of 
a pea, and is a dull, bare, brownish yellow, moderately hard 
ball; it is covered with scattered inconspicuous flat papilla, 
adheres to the leaf only at one point, and is not visible on the 
