158 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
equal profusion as in spring up to the 17th. During the 
intervening two months and a half numbers of the larve 
were found feeding on Euphorbia Esula. The difference in 
the size of the vernal and autumnal specimens was very 
striking, the earlier brood being so very much smaller. 
Podalirius absolutely swarmed during May. Of course, I am 
aware that it does not follow from the fact of Machaon being 
double-brooded on the Continent that it must also be the 
case in England; but anyhow it goes some way towards 
showing the probability of it. I have written these few 
remarks thinking they may. interest the gentleman making 
enquiries about Machaon.—George Kastham ; 13, Manchester 
Road, Southport. | 
Zygena nubigena, Mann.—With reference to the occur- 
rence of this species in Scotland (Entom. ix. 142) Mr. 
Birchall (Ent. Mo. Mag. iii. 33) says: “The specimens of 
Zygena taken in Argyleshire, and noticed in the ‘ Zoologist’ 
for 1861, p. 7716, as Minos, are Nubigena. I possess a pair 
of them, through the kindness of Professor Wyville Thomson. 
—H. Jenner Fust, gun.; Hill Cottage, Falfield, Gloucester- 
shire. 
Xanthia gilvago a Cannibal.—Early in June [ beat from 
a wych-elm tree four larve of X. gilvago and two of 
T. W-Album. On reaching home thé chip-box containing 
them was mislaid for about a week. On reopening it to-day 
I found not only the few seeds and leaves of elm had disap- 
peared, but also the Thecla larve. I failed to find the 
slightest trace of their remains. To the best of my know- 
ledge the larva of Gilvago has not been recorded as a 
cannibal, and was no donbt forced in this case by the mere 
necessity of hunger to content itself with this strange diet.— 
Gilbert Raynor ; Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, June 12, 1876. 
Oporabia filigrammaria and Larentia cesiata near Bury, 
Lancashire.—Wishing to obtain larve of L. cxsiata, and, if 
possible, those of O. filigrammaria, | visited two localities in 
this neighbourhood, where I hoped to obtain both species; 
nor was I disappointed, although Filigrammaria was not 
known to have previously occurred at one of the places 
worked. Some of the larve, especially those of O. filigram- 
maria, were found feeding quite exposed ; others at rest; but 
the majority were obtained by beating ling (Erica vulgaris). 
