172 ; THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
rather hard, bare, somewhat shining ; at first (July and August) 
of a yellowish white, which changes later on to a yellowish 
brown, and often slightly rosy. This gall differs from the 
preceding species in having two Cavities in the interior, one 
placed above the other, the lower of which contains the larva, 
and is only confined at the base by a thin wall; the small, 
upper cavity, however, is surrounded with a thick and loose 
layer of gall-substance, and separated from the larva-cell by 
a thin cellular diaphragm. ‘The gall-fly is developed late in 
the antumn; and, according to Von Schlechtendal, leaves the 
gall in October and November; while Schenck gives spring 
as its flight-time.—G. Z. Mayr. 
54. Dryophanta cornifex, Hart. 
Fig. 54, — This horn-shaped gall appears in 
June on the under side of the leaves 
of Quercus pubescens. It is at first 
green, but becomes yellowish brown, 
often with a reddish tinge; it is 
shining and moderately hard, and 
on an average attains to one milli- 
metre in length by two millimetres 
in diameter; its base is situated in 
a cup, of from two and a half to 
three millimetres in diameter, the 
margin of which is angular, with a 
more or less depressed centre. It 
adheres to the rib of the leaf in 
such a manner that the point of 
D. cornirex (and in section). attachment is not visible from the 
upper side. The gall is sometimes 
a little narrowed below the middle. In rare-cases it has a 
small lateral strobile or cone, and is also conical at the top. 
Interiorly the gall contains a vertically-placed larva-cell, 
without an inner gall. From galls collected in October, 
and kept in a room, the flies ewerged in November and 
December, but they require to te kept rather moist.— 
G. L. Mayr. 
This species is Hartig’s Cynips carnifex, Aollar (Germ. 
Zeit. iv. 405). One specimen of Synergus pallicornis was 
bred by T’schek, as recorded by Mayr. The gall does not 
occur in Britain.—Z. A. Fitch, 
