THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 
reniform and orbicular clear, and a zigzag line on each side 
of them, which I particularly want to ascertain among those 
I have sent. 
[(1) You will readily ascertain the countries of your foreign 
Lepidoptera from Staudinger’s list, which may be obtained 
through Triibner & Co., Ludgate Hill. (2) Any entomologist will 
be glad to name your captures, after you have done your best 
to do so for yourself from books; but it is hardly fair to 
depute all the labour to others; nor would such a course be 
useful to yourself, for you would learn much less from being 
told than from finding out by study. Newman’s ‘ British 
Moths’ and ‘ British Butterflies’ will materially assist your 
labours, so far as Lepidoptera are concerned. (3) The wings 
are so damaged that—excepting Noctua augur, Agrotis excla- 
mationis, and Aplecta advena, all of which you will be able 
to make out from ‘ British Moths’—it is impossible to identify 
the species. There was an interesting controversy, as to 
whether such a destruction of moths as you mention was 
caused by spider, or mouse, or bat, in the volume of the 
*Zoologist’ for 1866; and some additional notes were pub- 
lished in that journal in 1871.—£d.] 
S. Bradbury.— Epunda nigra.—Can you inform me if this 
species is double-brooded? as all the pupex I have had 
ewerged in May last year: one on the 11th this year; a very 
fine male on the 26th. I enclose a case, and I am of opinion 
that they feed upon the hawthorn, as I have only found them 
under that tree, and there is no other but ash. These trees 
grow in the middle of a fifteen-acre sheep pasture, with no 
herbage but turf. I will endeavour to find the larva asa 
proof. 
[Epunda nigra is not double-brooded. You will see that 
the food given in the ‘ History of British Moths’ is the great 
hedge bedstray (Galium mollugo); also other herbaceous 
plants. The pupa having been found near the hawthorn is 
not proof that the larva feeds upon this tree. Many low- 
_ plant feeding larve go to the base of trees when turning to 
pupe.— Ed. | 
James Mudie.—Insect Analtomy.—I shall be obliged to 
you if you can tell me if the anatomy of insects is a subject 
which has been investigated to any extent, and, if so, what 
works would be the best guide for me in studying it? 
2B 
