196 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Two or three galls frequently grow together; then they all 
have but one cavity, with two or three inner galls. Ifthe gall 
is developed at the petiole and extends to the base of the 
leaf, then the latter generally curls up, and does not fall off 
in the autumn, but, remaining somewhat undeveloped, decays 
in the course of the winter down to a few remains which 
adhere to the gall; and the axillar bud belonging to the leaf 
is developed into a short, crippled, bud-bearing axis (see 
Entom. ix. 51, fig.38a). This is the gall described by Hartig 
under the name of C. axillaris, and by Schenck of Andricus 
inflator. In other cases the gall is developed so near the base 
of the petiole that the whole stalk is affected by it and grows 
very crooked, and, being unabie to develop itself any further, 
produces a swelling at the end of the small twig, which, on 
a superficial inspection, bears a strong resemblance to a 
curved gall of Andricus inflator. The gall-fly appears at the 
end of May or beginning of June.—G. L. Mayr. 
This, as Mayr says, very common gall occurs throughout 
Britain, and its producer may be bred with very little trouble. 
It is particularly common in May; but I believe there is a 
second brood, rare compared with the first, the galls of which . 
may be found in the autumn. Synergus albipes, Hart., 
S. facialis, Hart., S. radiatus, Mayr, are three inquilines 
occurring in its galls; S. albipes is by far the most frequent 
inhabitor of the three. Hartig also bred it from these galls, 
and I have frequently bred both it and S. facialis, with 
Callimome auratus, Fonsc. (= C. mutabilis, Wlk., Zool., 
1846, iv. 1458), Callimome abdominalis, Boh., and Platyme- 
sopus (Pteromalus) tibialis, Westw., from English specimens, 
all appearing in June and July of the first year. The 
following reference may also refer to parasitism in this 
gall :—‘‘ Eurytoma gracilis, a parasite, is from a gall formed 
on the midrib of an oak-leaf, which gave the leaf a very 
crumpled appearance; collected, August 3rd; imago out, 
August 10th.” (F. Walker and H. Moncreaff, Entom. iv. 77.) 
Ratzeburg’s information is as follows:—Entedon scianeurus, 
Ratz., very common in Terminalis galls, but bred from 
Curvator by Tischbein ; amongst eighteen specimens so bred 
there was not a single male. This species is probably 
synonymous with Olynx gallarum, Z. Eulophus levissimus, 
Ralz., also bred by Tischbein: it was bred by Bouché from 
