242 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
In 1847 the late Mr. Doubleday published the first edition 
of his catalogue of British Lepidoptera: there this 
species is called Tzniocampa hypoborea, with ? after. 
Dalman, and with alpina, Westwood, as a synonym. 
M. Guenée describes and figures it in 1852, in vol. i. (p. 342, 
pl. iv.) of his ‘Species Général des Lépidoptéres, 
Noctuelites,’ as Pachnobia alpina; Pachnobia being a 
generic name of his own creation. 
In the last edition of Doubleday’s catalogue this species 
stands as Pachnobia alpina, Wesiwood, with Carnica, 
Heer, as synonym. The name hypoborea does not 
appear; why I know not. 
Carnica is the name under which Hering describes this 
species, in 1869, in the ‘Stettiner entomologische 
Zeitung. Heer, given as the nomenclator by Guenée, 
is clearly a misprint of Hering. 
Glacialis is the name used by Herrich-Schaffer, in 1849, to 
describe and figure this insect in his ‘Systematische 
Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa.’ He gives 
four fine figures of this local red variety on plate 82, 
vol. ii. 
Stainton, in his ‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ 
published in 1857, shortly, but clearly, describes it as 
Pachnobia alpina. 
Dr. Staudinger, of Dresden, in his ‘Catalog der Lepi- 
dopteren des Europzischen Faunengebiets, 1871, does 
not refer to Alpina; but his species, No. 1098, is 
Agrotis hypoborea, Zeit. As synonyms he gives Aqui- 
lonaris, Ze/t., Alpicola, Zett., Iveni, Huber Hor.; with 
Carnica, Hering, and Glacialis, H.-S., as varieties. 
Newman, in his ‘Natural History of British Moths,’ 
describes it under the name of Pachnobia carniea. 
Carnica, Her., and Glacialis, H.-S., appear to refer to the 
same—the red—variety found in Central Europe. 
The reader will observe that this moth has had the 
following generic names:—Hadena, Agrotis, Teniocampa, 
and Pachnobia. A careful examination of a long series of 
Scotch and continental examples leads me to conclude that 
this insect is not closely allied to any member of the three 
former genera, neither in structure, superficial appearance, 
nor habits in any stage. Therefore, until otherwise proved, 
