BRAZILIAN COTTON 



Waterways. — Steamship lines connect the principal ports of 

 Brazil with many of the ports of Europe and the United States. 

 Fifty trans-Atlantic liners are registered as touching these ports, 

 but many of them continue southward to the Rio de la Plata and 

 thus offer an international service in the South American sense of 

 the word. Between Rio and Europe (most ports of Hamburg, 

 Southampton, Havre, etc., to Lisbon) steamers two or three times a 

 week are available, the time to or from Lisbon being 11 to 16 days. 

 Italian and Spanish steamers go through the Straits of Gibraltar to 

 Barcelona and beyond. Most steamers having Rio in their itinerary 

 go also into the port of Santos, 200 miles south (322 kilometres), where 

 the greater proportion of the Brazilian coffee is shipped, and through 

 which the commerce of the State of Sao Paulo passes. The first 

 port touched by some steamers is Pernambuco (Recife), 3,982 

 miles (6,408 kilometres) from New York, 4,065 miles (6,542 kilo- 

 metres) from Liverpool. The city is one of the oldest settlements 

 in Brazil, and shoAvs the early Dutch influences. It is noAv being 

 rapidly modernized, Avith new docks and harbour works, new avenues 

 and many fine buildings. Bahia* is the first port on most schedules. 

 Picturesque in the extreme, on the beautiful All-Saints Bay, 

 it lies on the hills overlooking the harbour, second only to 

 Rio and Victoria in beauty. Here, too, rapid progress has been 

 made in equipping the docks and in reconstructing the city, so 

 that not only Avill the groAving commerce be accommodated, but 

 also the increasing stream of traA^ellers Avill find that due provision 

 has been made for their welfare. Bahia to Rio is 738 miles (1,187 

 kilometres), a pleasant tAvo days' passage, intermediate ports being 

 ports of call for coasting steamers. Of these there are very many, 

 some making only short runs from the home port, like Bahia, others 



*S. Salvador in Portuguese. 



