CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT 23 



2. The Department of Foreign Affairs (Ministcrio das Relayoes 

 Exteriores) is entrusted with the relations between Brazil and foreign 

 nations, through the diplomatic and consular corps. 



3. The Navy Department (Ministcrio da Marinha) controls all 

 matters pertaining to the Navy, the numerous naval apprentice schools 

 in the various States, the Naval College, the Library of the Navj',. 

 and the Museum of Naval Warfare. 



4. The War Department (Ministcrio da Guerra) has charge of 

 the standing Army ; recruiting conscripts and the various training 

 schools for them, the military college at Rio de Janeiro, the military 

 school Porto Alegre, the artillery school, various schools for training 

 officers, two powder factories, a cartridge factory, etc. 



5. The Department of Communications and Public Works 

 (Ministcrio da Via9ao e Obras Publicas) controls the railways, both 

 Government owned and private, the post offices, national telegraph 

 and wireless stations, construction and maintenance of ports, irrigation 

 works undertaken by the National Government, the waterworks, 

 sewerage, the drainage of the capital and of towns in the National 

 Territories, as well as other public works undertaken by the Federal 

 Government. 



6. The Finance Department (Ministcrio da Fazenda) has charge 

 of the national funds, the preparation of the annual budget, and the 

 service of the public debt. The following bureaus and divisions are 

 under its control : The Federal Treasury, custom houses, national 

 laboratory, conversion office, national printing office, " Diario 

 Official," bureau of commercial statistics, bureau for inspection and 

 control of insurance companies, amortization office, and the Bank 

 of Savings and Loans. 



7. The Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce 

 (Ministcrio da Agricultura, Industria e Commercio) has charge of the 

 national observatory, meteorological bureau, bureau of statistics, 

 botanical garden of Rio de Janeiro, national museum, commercial 

 museum, the lodging house for immigrants, the iron foundry at 

 Sao Joao do Ipanema in the State of Sao Paulo, the departments of 

 colonization and immigration, geology and minerology, and agri- 

 culture, the latter having agronomic stations and a number of experi- 

 mental farms ; the commission for the economic development of 

 Brazil, which publishes pamphlets and data regarding the resources 

 of Brazil and maintains agencies in Europe and America for their 

 distribution ; and the Federal Zootechnic Institute. In 1920 a 

 special Federal Cotton Department was inaugurated, which has 

 established a number of experimental farms in practically all the 

 Cotton States. 



The individual States are the owners of mines and of public land 

 situated within their boundaries, except those areas which are used 

 for the purpose of defence, fortresses, military purpose or for Federal 

 railways. Each State has the right to make agreements which are 

 not of a political character, to raise loanS; to give concessions for 

 railways, land or mining purposes. The States are entirely independent 

 with regard to internal government. The Federal Government can 

 only step in in special cases such as political disturbances or to restore 



