34 BRAZILIAN COTTON 



MAKING-UP DEPARTMENT 

 Girls : from Rs. 4 $500— 5 $000 per day. 



WASTE SPINNING DEPARTMENT 



Since April, 1920, the Trade Unions and Works Committees are 

 not recognised by tlie Masters' organisations. 



Other wage particulars of Rio de Janeiro and district are as 

 follows : 



Weaver : 5 $000 per day ; at one mill the maximum was 9 $000, 

 the minimum 2 $000, and the average worked out at 4 $000. 



In the spinning room the wages varied from 1 $500 to 3 $000. 



At a third mill the wages of the weavers were given as 6 $000 and 

 those of a juvenile worker in the spinning room as 1$600. 



In the interior of Sao Paulo mill wages seem to be slightly different. 

 Children of 14 years were earning over 2 $400 per day, men and 

 women from 4 $000 to 4 $800. The same rates of wages are paid to 

 male and female operatives for the same kind of work, and the 

 managers of several mills told me that the women generally turn out 

 more work than the men. 



Printers' wages seem to be uniformally 10 $000 per day. We 

 saw several machines printing eight colours. These rates of wages 

 were fixed some time ago when the exchange was almost twice as high 

 as at the time of our visit (April, 1921) ; no alteration has been made. 

 In the towns food has advanced two or three times as much as before 

 the war ; clothing and rent are twice as high. 



Pedra Mill — Besides Coats' Sewing Cotton mill in Sao Paulo 

 there is a Brazilian undertaking — Companhia Agro Fabril Mercantil — 

 at Pedra in the State of Alagoas, which produces a large range of sewing 

 and embroidery cotton. The mill deserves special mention owing to 

 the extraordinary pioneer work and enterprise which was required in 

 its establishment, a work entirely initiated and carried out by a 

 Brazilian, Mr. Delmiro Gouveia, a Cearense. 



The cotton thread mill of Pedra is situated in the wild up-country, 

 24 kilometres (15 miles) from the Paulo Affonso Falls. We travelled 

 to Pedra from Propria, which is close to the mouth of the Sao Francisco 

 river by steamer, a journey of two days' duration, to a place called 

 Piranhas. From there a slow railway took us in six hours to Pedra. 



Prior to 1912 the present village of Pedra was a small hamlet 

 containing only a few houses but the proximity of the huge waterfall 



