64 Racial Studies in Fishes 



By subtraction we obtain from these equations 



y- 2 = 1-43, 

 a- 6 = 4-253, 

 a — c= 5'573, 

 a-cZ = 4187. 



Provided our assumption be correct, we have then determined the 

 differences between the generative vahies of the various individuals, 

 males in one group and females in another. 



If we want a measure for the generative values of the single indivi- 

 duals we must fix a starting-point. Let us assume that the generative 

 value of the male y coincides with the personal value of the same 

 specimen, viz. 60, in other words, let us refer all the individuals to those 

 environmental conditions under which the genotype y realizes 60 verte- 

 brae. We then find 



X = 59-54, 



y = 60, 



^ = 58-57. 



To find the generative values of the females, e.g. of a, we introduce 

 those values in the equations 



—^ = 61-14, "—— = 61-35, -2~ = 60-6o, 



and we obtain thus three values for a, viz. 



eta; = 62-74, 



ciy = 62-70, 



a2 = 62-73, 



the average of which is 62*723. 



Proceeding in the same way with the other females we find 



a = 62-723, 



6=58-470, 



c = 57-150, 



d = 58-537, 



with which we have determined the generative values of all the 

 individuals. 



