F. Pitt 301 



arraugiug their characters that the breeder has produced his great 

 results, but has this artificial process any likeness or parallel to the 

 natural evolution of a species — can we visualize the production by any 

 such process of a geographical race of a mammal, bird, or insect ? 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES VII— X. 



PLATE VII. 



Fig. 1. A Perfectly Marked Hereford, Grade 0. A prize winning show heifer, Albynes 

 Beauty, at fifteen months old. Note the patch of white on the neck, the white face, 

 under-parts, brisket, and end of the tail, that the feet are white, and that her nose 

 is clear and unspotted, also that her horns are free from pigment at the tips. In coloor 

 she is a rich red. 



Fig. 2. Excessive White. Olivette, a grade - 3 cow. 



Fig. 3. Excessive White. Pay, a grade - 4 animal. 



Fig. 4. "Dark Neck," or Extension of Pigment. ShelsJey Cypress, a very dark gitide 

 + 3 cow. 



Fig. 5. Extension of Pigment, also "Red Eyes." Graceful, a dark grade +3 cow with 

 red eyes. 



Fig. 6. " Red Eyes." Eelladonna, a red-eyed cow, and a good example of this character. 



Fig. 7. "Dirty" Nose. Olive Oil, a cow with a black spotted nose, but a pale brown 

 coat. 



PLATE VIM. 



Grades of pigmentation in Hereford Cattle, being the normal. 



PLATE IX. 



Variations of the "Red-Eyed" Character in Hereford Cattle. 



PLATE X. 



Pigmentation of the nose in Hereford Cattle, " n " being a completely dark nose, and 

 " d " a clean unspotted one. The extreme " a " is rare, but " b " and " c " are not 

 uncommon. 



LITERATURE CITED. 



1. Speed, 1627. England, Wales, and Scotland Described. 



2. Marshall, 1788. Rural Economy of Gloucestershire. 



3. DuNCUMB, 1804. History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford, 



4. Parkinson, 1810. Breeding and Management of Live Stock. 



5. You ATT, 1835. Cattle, Their Breeds, etc. 



6. Eyton, 1846. Hereford Herd Book, Vol. i. 



7. 1853. Hereford Herd Book, Vol. n. (Reprinted, 1862.) 



