OF LANCASTER COUNTY. 351 



when it suddenly vanishes among the hmestone rocks, nearly opposite to tlie residence 

 of William Paul, pursues its subterranean course for a mile and a lialf, then reajjpears 

 and forms Trout Creek, so called from the many trout abounding in it. Soil, lime- 

 stone and red shale. The Fimiace Hills along the Lebanon line" fumish a Hne red 

 sandstone; the columns of the Lancaster Court House are built of it. Mr, Adam 

 Konigmacher has made of it some 130 millstones and sent them to many parts of the 

 U. S, Durlach is the P. O. 



CocALico, East, — This township is bounded N. E. by Berks county, E. 1)y Brecknock, 

 S. by Earl, S. W. by Ephrata, and N. W. by W. Cocalico. Area, l:i080 acres. Popu- 

 lation in 1860, 1893; Taxables, 561; value of Real and Personal Property, ^400,004. It 

 has 5 Grist and 4 Saw ]\Iills, 5 Hotels, 6 Stores and i) Conunon Schools. Tlic Cocalico 

 creek crosses the township in a S. E. direction. The most important places arc the 

 borough of Adamstown, (see Adamstown) Reamstown, Swartzville, at all of whicli are 

 Post otiices, Napierville and Vera Cruz. Surface, hilly; soil, clay and red shale. 



Cocalico, West.— Bounded N. E. by Berks county, E. by E. Cocalico, S. by Ephrata, 

 W. by Clay. Area, 17,224 acres; Population in 1860, 2,057; Taxables, 584. Value of 

 Real and Personal Property, $629,923. It has 4 Grist and 6 Saw Mills, 6 llotehs, 7 

 Stores, 9 Common Schools. The Reading and Columbia R. R. passes through its S. E, 

 section. The Cocalico creek and its tributaries traverse the townshii). Tlie P. 0. aix; 

 Cocalico, Reinholdsville, Schoeneck, Stevens, and Reinhold's Station. Surface, hilly; 

 soil, clay and red shale. The neighborhood of Reinholdsville was settled between 1735 

 and 1740 by Germans, among whom Hans Beehnan, Hans Zimmerman and Peter Sdui- 

 macher were large land-holders. 



CoLEEAiN. — Bounded N. by Bart and Sadsbury, E. by Chester county, S. by Little 

 Britain, W. by Drumore, N. W. by Eden, centrally distant from the city of Lancas- 

 ter 17 miles S. E. The main branch of the Octoraro creek bounds it on tlie East, and 

 the west branch of the same stream on the W. Surfece, rolling; soil, gravel and clay. 

 Area, 19,497 acres. Popvdation in 1860, 1740. Taxables, 431; value of Real and 

 Personal Property, $302,889. It has 7 Grist and 7 Saw Mills, 6 Hotels, 7 stores and 9 

 common schools. P. O. at Clommell, Colerain, Kirkwood and Octoraro. 



Columbia Borough. See West Hemptield. 



CoNESTOGA. — Conestoga toAvnship, bounded N. by Lancaster township, X. E. by Pe- 

 ciuea, S. by Martick, S. W. by the Susquehannah river, W. by 3Ianor; centrally distiiut 

 from Lancaster 5 miles S.; area, 19,001 acres; surface, rolling; soil, clay and gravel, of 

 excellent quality, and well cultivated. Popidation in 1860, 3,093; Taxables, 767. The 

 Conestoga creek flows along the W. boundary, and the Pequea creek along the E. 

 Upon both there are several mills. It has 4 Grist and 5 Saw Mills, 1 Furnace, 1 Forge, 8 

 Hotels, 5 Stores and 8 Common Schools. Value of Personal and Real Property, $625,487. 



The most important place is Safe Harbor at the confluence of the Cone.stoga and 

 the Susquehanna River. There the Conestoga is connected with the Tide Water Canal 

 on the opposite bank of the River. Splendid rolling mills and furnaces, unfortunately 

 not worked at present, are located here. They were erected at a cost of $200,000. Most 

 of the iron used on the Central Rail Road (in 1852) was manufactured here. The scenery 

 here is very fine and picturesquely grand. A short di.stance below Safe Harbor are 

 several rocks with Indian picture-writing, a facsimile of which is given in another part 

 of this volume. The fishing trade of Safe Harbor is quite important. Large (juanti- 

 ties of shad are caught with the seine, which is mostly about 100 yards long and from 

 4 to 6 feet wide varying according to the depth of the water. One edge of the seine is 

 heavily loaded with lead while the other has numerous corks or wooden buoys, so that 

 it floats in the water in an upright position. The .seine is carried 200 or 300 yards above 

 the Ashing battery, when one end is taken in a boat, which is rowed out from the shore 

 in a circular course, and hauled in at the battery, the other end meanwhile arriving at 

 the same place. Shad generally move in slioals, and in clear weather tlieir api-roach 



