'58 



PLATE LXXX. THE ICE OF WINTER-QUARTERS BAY. 



FIG. 1. From a photograph by R. W. SKELTON (S. 65, 5" x 4" plate), Feb. 14, 

 1904, 10 P.M. ; looking N.-W. from Hut Point towards the approaching 

 relief ships, ' Morning ' and ' Terra Nova.' 



FIG. 2. From a photograph by R. W. SKKLTON (S. 73, 5" x 4" plate), Feb. 14, 

 1904 ; looking S. from the shore of Winter-quarters Bay, showing the 

 ' Discovery ' still fast in the ice and the two relief ships tied up to its edge. 



The tilt of the ' Discovery ' in Fig. 2 shows how the stern of the ship was 

 gripped by the ice through the presence of side-strengthening pieces on the after 

 end of the keel. The stern was in this way depressed with the ice-floe, and it was 

 not until after the last charge of guncotton had been fired beneath the ice just ahead 

 of the ship that it lifted as much as 2 or 3 feet, and the ship floated once more 

 on an even keel. 



During the summer months, both at Cape Armitage and at Hut Point, the sea- 

 ice gradually melted from below, owing to currents of water, and a large area 

 opened up each year in January at either cape, to form a water-hole. This is 

 illustrated in the foreground of Fig. 1, which shows the water-hole just below Hut 

 Point. Compare Plate LXXVII., where both water-holes are seen. 



See also, Scott, Voyage of the ' Discovery,' vol. ii., pp. 458, 459 ; and Ferrar, Nat. 

 Hist. Rep., vol. i., p. 59. 



