SAILING CRAFT 49 



only eighteen and there was no complaint of 

 being short-handed. Cartier's Grande Hermine 

 was more than twice as large, and, if the 

 accepted illustrations and descriptions of her 

 may be relied upon, she probably was not 

 unlike a smaller and simplified Santa Maria, 

 the ship which bore Columbus on his West 

 Indian voyage of 1492. Such complete and 

 authentic specifications of the Santa Maria 

 still remain that a satisfactory reproduction 

 of her was made for the Chicago World's Fair 

 of 1893. Her tonnage was over two hundred. 

 Her length of keel was only sixty feet ; length 

 of ship proper, ninety-three ; and length over 

 all, one hundred and twenty-eight. This 

 difference between length of keel and length 

 over all was not caused by anything like the 

 modern overhang of the hull itself, which the 

 Vikings had anticipated by hundreds and the 

 Egyptians by thousands of years, but by the 

 box-like forecastle built over the bows and 

 the enormous half and quarter decks jutting 

 out aft. These top-hampering structures over- 

 burdened both ends and produced a regular 

 see-saw, as the Spanish crew of 1893 found to 

 their cost when pitching horribly through a 

 buffeting head sea. The Santa Maria, like 

 most 'Spaniards,' had a lateen-rigged mizzen. 



A. A. D 



