64 ALL AFLOAT 



As Hudson Bay was the place for fur, so 

 Newfoundland, and all the waters round it, 

 was the place for fish. 'Dogs, fogs, bogs, 

 and codfish,' was the old half -jeering descrip- 

 tion of its products. Standing in the gateway 

 of Canada, Newfoundland was always a menace 

 to New France. Thirty years before Champlain 

 founded Quebec a traveller notes that, among 

 the fishing fleets off Newfoundland, ' the English 

 rule all there.' In other quarters, too, there 

 was a menace to France. The British colonies 

 were always feeling their way along the coast 

 as well as along the Great Lakes. In spite 

 of ordinances on both sides, forbidding trade 

 between colonies of different powers, little 

 trading craft, mostly British, would creep in 

 with some enticing contraband, generally by 

 way of Lake Champlain. 



The first attempt in the English colonies to 

 trade with Canada by way of the open sea was 

 made in 1658, when Captain John Perel sailed 

 from New York for Quebec in the French 

 barque St Jean, and was wrecked on Anti- 

 costi, with the total loss of a cargo of sugar 

 and tobacco. The sloop Mary managed to 

 reach Quebec in 1701 with a miscellaneous 

 cargo, containing, among many other items, 

 ' 166 cheses, 20+81 + 101 Rols of tobacko, 



