198 



ALL AFLOAT 



Sailing- craft, three types of, 

 I 7-37 129-30. See under 

 names of craft. 



Sails : the simple square of the 

 Vikings, 43-4 ; invention of 

 the fore - and - aft - trimmed 

 sails, 46-7, 50, 65-7 ; sails of 

 a ship, 105-7 > setting and 

 trimming, 107-9, 127 ; in a 

 squall, 109-10 j in an Antarctic 

 hurricane, 120-5. 



St Charles river, shipbuilding 

 yards at, 61. 



' St Jean,' wrecked on Anti- 

 costi, 64. 



4 St John,' first steamer in 

 Canadian salt water, 136. 



St Lawrence river system, 1-3 ; 

 and France, 63. 



St Lawrence Steamboat Com- 

 pany, 134-5. 



Saint-Onge, Roberval's pilot, 



Si- 



Salter Brothers, shipbuilders 

 at Moncton, 80. 



' Santa Maria,' Columbus's 

 ship, 49-50. 



' Savannah,' her claims dis- 

 proved, 136-7, 141. 



Schooner, handiness of the, 



159. 161. 



Seamen's Institutes, benefit of, 

 171-2. 



Seppings, Sir Robert, chief 

 constructor of the Navy, 85, 

 86. 



Shipbuilding : in Canada, 14, 

 59-60, 6 1 ; comparison be- 

 tween English and French, 

 57 ; construction and launch- 

 ing of a ship, 82-91, 153-4. 



Shipping, in the eighteenth 

 century, 69-70; in the 

 nineteenth, 74-5. 



Ships, short terms designating 

 the nationality of, 93. 



Simpson, Sir George, governor 

 of the Hudson's Bay Com- 

 pany, 29, 36 ; his tour of 

 inspection, 37-40. 



' Sophia,' her record trip, 72. 



South Africa and the British 

 Navy, 183, 185. 



' Sovereign of the Seas,' sur- 

 passes all records, 56. 



Sovereign Council of New 

 France, builds the 'Galiote,' 



59- 



Spain, her Armada, 52 ; superi- 

 ority of her ships, 53. 



Squall, how to manage a ship 

 in a, 109-10. 



Starboard, origin of word, 118. 



Steam craft, types of, 151-2. 



Steam-engine, development of, 



153- 



Steering a ship, 119-20. 

 'Swiftsure,' an early steamer 



in Canada, 132-3. 



' Taeping,' wins famous clipper 

 race, 103. 



Talon, Jean, encourages ship- 

 building in Canada, 59-60. 



Teabout, Henry, an American 

 shipbuilder in Canada, 135. 



Torrance Line, the, 135. 



'Tug, The,' first towboat in 

 the world, 134. 



Tug, the handiest all-round 

 craft, 151-2. 



United Empire Loyalists, settle 

 in Maritime Provinces, 70- 



7?- 



United States, her tonnage 

 threatens British supremacy, 

 53, 74 ; navy of, 183. 



