SOIL g 



6. Sub-drainage 20 



1. Enough? Is soil soggy? 



2. Too much? Is soil too dry? 



C. Atmospheric drainage 15 



a. Will cold air drain oft'? Is there slope enough? 

 6. Does cold air come down from slopes above; is 



orchard at foot of a long slope? 

 c. Is there any obstruction at the bottom of orchard 



to hold cold air? 



D. Aspect or slope 15 



a. With reference to sun 5 



1. Ripening and coloring of fruit. 



2. Frost injury on eastern slope. 



3. Sun-scald. 



6. With reference to winds 10 



1. Does land slope towards prevailing winds? 



E. Windbreaks 10 



a. Nearby and distant. 

 &. Kinds of trees. 



c. Distance away that is best. 



d. Is it open at bottom? 



e. Is it owned by proprietor of orchard? 



Total 100 100 



Many of the points given are self-explanatory, yet a short dis- 

 cussion may help with most of them. 



A. Soil. a. Surface Soil I. The fertility of the soil, 

 while not as important as the general character of the soil, is still 

 well worth considering. If the land is " run out " it is by no 

 means worth as much for an orchard as though it were in " good 

 heart." Of course it can be brought up again in fertility, but 

 this takes time and money and the writer has started enough 

 orchards to learn that poor, run-out soil is a big handicap in 

 developing growthy and shapely trees. To overcome it, one ought 

 to have some barn manure available and one has to study much 

 more carefully what kinds of commercial fertilizers to use and 

 when to use them. 



2. The adaptation of the soil to the fruit to be grown. If one 

 is growing peaches, he prefers a light or medium loam, and if he 

 must depart from this he would rather have a sandy soil than a 



