xii ILLUSTRATIONS 



36. A Tree Girdled by Mice and Saved by Bridge Grafting 82 



37. A Compromise Method of Handling the Land in the Orchard, Sod 



Along the Tree Rows and Cultivation Between 89 



38. A Gang of Three Eight-inch Plows 93 



39. A Disc Plow for Orchard Work 94 



40. The Acme Harrow 96 



41. Orchard Cultivator with Heavy, Rigid Teeth 96 



42. Light Draft Orchard Cultivator 97 



43. Grape-hoe at Work in Young Orchard 98 



44. Crimson Clover as a Cover Crop 110 



45. Buckwheat as a Cover Crop 114 



46. Young Apple Tree Started on Wrong Road by Bad Pruning 119 



47. An Apple Fruit Spur 120 



48. Pear Branch Well Supplied with Fruit Spurs 121 



49. Young Peaches Just Set 122 



50. Spurs of the European Plum 123 



51. Cherry Spurs 123 



52. Blossoms of Japanese Plum 124 



53. Blossoms of European Plum 125 



54. Cherries Just Set 125 



55. Sutton Apple Tree 127 



56. Bradshaw Plum Tree 127 



57. Burbank Plum Tree 129 



58. Well-shaped Baldwin Apple Tree 130 



59. Two-edged Saw 131 



60. Good Saw for Small Trees 132 



61. Excellent Saw for Heavy Pruning 132 



62. Good Saw for Ordinary Pruning 132 



63. Excellent Type of Pruning Shears 133 



64. Good Type of Pruning Knife 134 



65. Good Combination Knife 134 



66. Long Stub Left in Pruning 138 



67. Old Stub Beginning to Decay 138 



68. A Well-made Wound 139 



69. A Well-made Wound Beginning to Heal 139 



70. A Well-made Wound That Has Entirely Healed Over 139 



71. Scab, or Black-spot of the Apple 166 



72. Apple Canker 168 



73. Black-knot of the Plum 172 



74. Plum Tree Badly Affected with Black-knot 173 



75. Same Plum Tree, after Knots Have Been Cut Out 173 



76. Using Bucket Pump on a Bearing Apple Tree 175 



77. Knapsack Sprayer 176 



78. Barrel Outfit with Collapsible Ladder 177 



