148 ORCHARD INSECTS 



fruit but more often on adjoining leaves or even on the bark 

 of twigs and branches, where they hatch in a short time and the 

 little " worms," or larvae, soon attack the young apples, in most 

 cases entering at the blossom end. Once inside the apple, 

 they feed for about a month, principally on the inside (but 

 occasionally working on the surface). When it has reached 

 full size the larva emerges and forms its cocoon usually in 

 some crevice in the bark. From this point the life history 

 varies with different parts of the country. In most of New 

 England there is only a partial second brood, that is most of them 

 pass the winter in the cocoon stage. A few pass through this 

 stage and emerge as moths which deposit their eggs, producing 

 the second brood of " worms." The future history is practi- 

 cally the same as before, except that the later broods of the 

 season do more feeding on the surface of the apples, especially 

 where two apples hang together or where a leaf rests upon an 

 apple. 



In States farther south there are two or more complete 

 broods in a season. 



The all-important remedy in fighting the codling moth is 

 spraying with poison, and usually it is the only remedy at- 

 tempted. In sections where the codling moth is very trouble- 

 some the following additional methods are practised : 



First, the rough bark is scraped from the trees so as to 

 reduce the number of hiding places for the larvae when they 

 emerge. 



Second, bands of burlap are put about the trees as traps 

 under which the larvae will spin their cocoons. These bands are 

 removed from time to time and the insects which are found under 

 them are killed. 



Third, the windows of storage houses are kept screened so 

 as to prevent the escape of the moths which may have passed 

 the winter as larvae in barrels or elsewhere. 



But, as before suggested, the all-important method of con- 

 trol is spraying with a poison. Authorities differ as to just the 

 type of spray that is best. Many western experimenters insist 

 on a coarse, forcible spray which shall force the poison into the 



