222 



RENOVATING OLD ORCHARDS 



sired variety with very little loss of time. If the same tree were 

 to be worked over by cleft grafting it would simply be necessary 

 to insert cions in all of the main shoots shown on this tree, per- 

 haps ten in number. 



When water-sprouts, or other relatively small branches, can 

 not be had then we may resort to crown or bark grafting in 

 order to lower the top. In this method the branch to be grafted 

 is sawed off at the desired height, which may be well down toward 

 the trunk, and the cions, cut to a thin wedge, are pushed down 



Fia. 102. 



FIG. 101. The same tree as Figure 100 after one season's growth. Notice the vigor of the 



foliage. 



FIG. 102. The same tree as shown in Figure 99 after three years' treatment. It will soon 



be a model tree. 



between the bark and the wood. There is no splitting of the 

 branch, as in cleft grafting, and consequently very much larger 

 branches may be worked over. A six-inch, or even an eight-inch 

 branch, may be used. And the cions, being pushed right into 

 the cambium layer of the stub, are almost sure to grow. The 

 objection to the method is that it takes several years for the cions 

 and stock to unite firmly, considerably longer than with cleft 

 grafting, and during this time the cions frequently blow out if 

 the orchard is in a windy location. 



