SPRAYING 



227 



wheat the first year on account of its rotting the sod and leaving 

 the soil in such good physical condition. If the soil is reasonably 

 good to start with there is usually little difficulty in getting a 

 good growth of cover crop this first year, because the sod 

 furnishes plenty of humus and the fertilizers applied, with the 

 subsequent cultivation, leave the land in fine condition. 



6. Spraying. Here again there is no marked difference in 

 the program for a renovated orchard. If the trees are affected 

 with San Jose scale, which is one of the most common causes of 



Fia. 106. The same orchard as shown in Figure 105, after five years' treatment. There 

 were fifty-three trees in the orchard and it yielded as follows: 1908, 43 bbls. ; 1909, 45 bbls. ; 

 1910, 205 bbls.; 1911, 50 bbls.; 1912, 175 bbls. 



the decline of these old orchards, two very thorough sprayings 

 will be necessary, one with oil in the autumn just after the 

 leaves are off ; and the other in the spring, with lime-sulfur, just 

 before the buds swell. These two sprayings, with two for 

 codling moth, are generally all that are necessary. A thing 

 which will interest and please the man who does the spraying 

 is to see how much easier the spraying becomes year by year 

 as the trees are gradually reduced in height by the successive 

 prunings. It is the tops of these tall trees that take the time 

 and the materials. 



