278 BUILDINGS, SANITATION, AND DISEASES 



On top of this wall the frame is built. The walls are built of 

 two-by-four inch studding, boarded on the outside with cheap 

 lumber, covered with building paper, and tightly clapboarded 

 over the paper. On the inside the walls are lined with matched 

 lumber so as to form a dead air space inside the wall. The 

 lining also extends over the lower side of the rafters, giving 

 a dead air space to the roof as well as the walls. 



Cross Section. From the cross section (Fig. 62) it will 

 be seen that the total height of the wall on the north side is 

 11 feet, and of that on the south side is 8 feet. The roof has 

 the 'same pitch on both sides, so that there is a drop of three 

 feet from one section of the roof to the other at the centre of 

 the building. In this space windows are inserted, to throw 

 light and a certain amount of sunshine into the row of pens 

 along the north side of the building. These windows are hinged 

 at the bottom and can be opened at any angle, according to the 

 requirements of ventilation. A ratchet device, similar to that 

 used for opening the ventilators in greenhouses, would be very 

 convenient for this purpose. 



Drainage. The floor is cement. Cement is so durable and 

 so easily cleaned that it seems to be about the only satisfactory 

 floor. The part A B ('see Fig. 62) is six inches higher than 

 C D. There is a fall of one and one-half inches from A towards" 

 B, and a fall of three inches from D towards C. Thus all the 

 drainage is towards C ', the lowest point, and the bed, being on 

 top of A B, is always dry. There should be a fall from one 

 end of the building to the other along the line at C, 'so that the 

 drainage would be towards one end of the building, and a suit- 

 able outlet could be provided. 



Partitions. There is a partition three and a half feet high 

 between the bed and the feeding pen, and the opening from the 

 bed to the feeding pen is two and a half feot wide. The par- 



