426 The Profitable Culture of Vegetables. 



about midsummer in hot, dry seasons, and appears to be caused by too 

 little moisture at the roots and amongst the foliage. The first evidence of 

 its presence is in small yellowish spots appearing on the leaves; these 

 spots enlarge until they run together and the leaf turns yellow and brown, 

 finally causing its destruction. If neglected the greater part of the crop 

 may become affected and worthless. 



2. Phyllosticta Apii. This fungus first appears in the form of one or 

 more large blotches on the leaf, the colour of which is at first dull brown, 

 becoming paler, dry, and studded with small black spots. When the spores 

 are ripe the leaf crumbles and falls to the ground, spreading the infection. 



3. Septoria Petroselini. In this case watery areas appear on leaves 

 and stems, and these become studded with small brown spots bearing 

 slender black points. This disease generally appears first in the seed beds, 

 and as it appears probable that the infection can be carried by the seed, any 

 showing black dots should be rejected. Prompt measures should be taken 

 to eradicate this disease as if neglected it is liable to become epidemic. 



Treatment : Each of these diseases can be suppressed by spraying 

 at frequent intervals with Bordeaux mixture at half the normal strength ; 

 previous to spraying leaves and plants which are badly affected should be 

 carefully removed and burnt. The sprayings are likely to be more effective 

 if backed with good cultivation, sufficient moisture, and one or two light 

 dressings of a stimulating manure. 



CLUB-ROOT or ANBURY (Plasmodiophora brassiccz). This disease, 

 also known as " Finger-and-Toe," causes malformation of the roots of 

 cabbages, turnips, radishes, and other brassicse ; 

 it also attacks cruciferous weeds, such as charlock 

 and shepherd's purse. It is caused by a minute 

 organism in the soil which enters the plant 

 through the fine roots, multiplying rapidly in the 

 tissues and inducing distortion and decay. The 

 disease is very widespread and destructive. It is 

 not carried in the air as most fungoid diseases are, 

 but is extremely contagious, and is readily spread 

 by carrying soil from a diseased area on boots, 

 tools, &c., or by feeding diseased roots to stock, 

 from whence it is returned to the ground in the 

 manure. Where no proper measures are taken 

 for its eradication it can remain in the soil for 

 years in a quiescent condition, but immediately 

 makes its presence known when the ground is 

 cropped again with brassicse. The disease is 

 most prevalent on soils deficient in lime, and es- 

 pecially so when such soils are sour by reason of 

 defective drainage. 



Treatment : Burn or cover with lime diseased roots. Dress the ground 



Turnip attacked by 

 Finger-and-Toe. 

 (Much reduced.) 



