xviii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XII. 

 SUMMARY OF FOUR CENTURIES OF SCIENCE. 



PAGE 



I. Foundation: The XVIth century Great discoveries Spirit of 

 free inquiry Practical bent of inquirers Formulation of the 

 inductive process Discovery of law. II. Constitution: The 

 XVI Ith century Grand laws discovered Astronomical 

 advance Mathematics are extended Laws of motion 

 Advance in physics Physiology. III. Expansion: The 

 XVI I Ith century Great expansion of astronomy Appear- 

 ance of geology and electricity, etc. Biology vastly extended 

 Steam machinery Discovery of several physical laws La- 

 place's Hypothesis. IV. Universality the feature of the 

 XlXth century The age of steam, electricity, machinery, steel 

 Laws of light, sound Importance of chemistry Geology 

 and biology Law of evolution . . . . . . . 269 



CHAPTER XIII. 

 SCIENTIFIC COUNTRIES. 



The four leading nations in science : Italy ; France ; Germany ; 

 England Other nations The country at the head of the 

 scientific world : England Natural causes of the supremacy of 

 England 279 



CHAPTER XIV. ^ 

 GENERAL RESULTS. 



Capital importance of some discoveries and applications of scientific 

 j aws The world transformed, both in its material and its moral 

 aspects The unfathomable mystery of Creation . , __ . 285 



CHAPTER XV. 



MATERIAL EFFECTS OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. 



How industry promotes social improvement The growth of milling 

 Immense importance of the invention of the Water-Mill ; of 

 the Wind-Mill ; of the Steam Flour-Mill Every industry has 

 similar effects Early benefactors forgotten How pure science 

 promotes well-being and civilisation : Physiologists ; physical 

 geographers; electricians Division of labour multiplies the 

 agents of production 289 



