EARLY KNOWLEDGE METHOD OF RESEARCH, n 



on the other. The expedition of Alexander to India, which 

 occurred in 327, would be sufficient even in the absence of 

 Callisthenes, who died early in that year, to account for the 

 similarity of the Greek and the HINDU SYLLOGISM, for 

 Alexander was accompanied by a whole set of learned men, 

 and his expedition did as much to reveal Eastern knowledge 

 as Bonaparte's Egyptian Campaign did to reveal the wonders 

 of the Nile Valley, until then unknown to modern Europe. 

 There is a difference between the two kinds of syllogism, 

 but this difference is only apparent, for the Greek syllogism 

 reduced to three the five terms of the Hindu the two 

 first terms of the latter being merely eliminated. The 

 NYAYAN SYLLOGISM runs thus : 



I. The mountain burns, 

 II. Because it smokes ; 



III. All that burns smokes ; 



IV. The mountain smokes, 

 V. Therefore it burns. 



Remove the two first terms, and you have the Aristotelian 

 form. 



Be that as it may, Aristotle's chain of reasoning was the 

 one which we still use, and Induction was, and is, nothing 

 but the syllogism without a middle term. A syllogism : 

 All sheets of salt water are seas ; 

 The Baltic is salt ; 



therefore, 



The Baltic is a sea. 



And suppressing the middle term you have an example 

 of induction* : 



All sheets of salt water are seas ; 



therefore, 



The Baltic is a sea. 

 Another example of induction : 



All sheets of salt water are seas ; 



therefore, 



The Swiss waters are not seas. 



In all cases you arrive at truth, provided you have ascer- 

 tained the facts.f 



* See Appendix II. I. t See Appendix I. 3. 



