136 PROGRESS OF SCIENCE. 



Then came the ANCHITHERIUM, with the two outer toes 

 just touching the ground and the middle toe being the main- 

 support ; 



Then came the HIPPARION, the immediate ancestor of the 

 horse, with the two side toes so rudimentary as to be useless ; 



Then came the HORSE, without the side toes. 



This genealogy of the horse was elaborately traced out 

 by Prof. O. C. Marsh, the great American palaeontologist. 



We may remark in passing that the Miohippus of America 

 and the Anchitherium of Europe were first cousins ; we may 

 further remark that America was the home of the horse's 

 ancestors ; that one of the family, possibly the Misohippus, 

 may have migrated to Europe, when the two continents were 

 joined, and there developed a collateral branch independently, 

 whose descendants were first the Palaeotherium, then the An- 

 chitherium, then the Hipparion,then the Horse. The family, 

 which died out in America after the Upper Pliocene epoch, 

 was perpetuated in the European branch until the present 

 day. We find the horse in Europe throughout the Quaternary 

 Period. By tracing a multitude of facts similar to those, 

 Darwin was able to establish his biological evolutionary law, 

 and Herbert Spencer has since shown the law of evolution to 

 be one which applies universally to all orders of facts ; that 

 if changes of structure, brought about by new conditions, enable 

 the Flora and Fauna to live on and on, under new forms, 

 despite the successive alterations of the globe, changes of 

 conditions modify with equal energy and variety the whole of 

 the Universe for, whether we view the organisation of society 

 only, or the construction of the earth or that of the stars, we 

 detect the same adaptation of things to new necessities : 

 geology and astronomy, barring ft natural selection " and its 

 mode, teach us the same lesson as biology. Well might Mr. 

 Jevons say "that it is questionable whether any scientific 

 works which have appeared since the Principia of Newton are 

 comparable in importance with those of Darwin and Spencer." 



Darwinism, which at first shocked many minds, has now 

 been accepted even by divines of the Church. " It seems/' 

 says Bishop Temple, "more majestic, more fitting of Him 

 to whom a thousand years are as one day, thus to impress 



