144 PROGRESS OF SCIENCE. 



accepted, the existence of the germ-plasm has to be con- 

 clusively confirmed. 



b. 1821. Virchow is justly regarded as one of the leading 

 physiologists and biologists of modern times. His researches 

 into CELLULAR PATHOLOGY particularly, deep and thorough 

 in an equal degree, make him one of the great masters of 

 science, for he may be considered as the founder of that 

 branch. He proved the soundness of his own doctrine, 

 " Omnis cellula a cellula " (every cell comes from another 

 cell), by tracing the origin of disease to hereditary cells. 

 This is the fundamental principle of cellular pathology. 

 He discovered new aspects of ulceration and inflammation 

 in berculosis and other affections. His investigations in 

 prehistoric archaeology are almost as much prized as those 

 he made in pathological anatomy. Strange to say, he 

 fought for the doctrine of fixity of species against the 

 Darwinian theory resembling in this Owen and Agassiz, 

 not to speak of Lyell, who accepted Darwinism only after 

 it had conquered the scientific world. It is only fair, both 

 to Darwinism and to its opponents few nowadays to state 

 that opposition is grounded on religious belief rather than 

 on scientific considerations. It is a conflict between a 

 sentimental inclination and a powerful fact, in which the 

 latter must of necessity prove victorious in this as in so 

 many cases before. 



b. 1822. Pasteur studied organised ferments in beer, 

 vinegar, and wine, analysing meanwhile bacilli and bacteria 

 (microbes) with such success that he was able to discover (?) 

 the bacillus of rabies (HYDROPHOBIA), and further, introduce 

 inoculation against this terrible disorder the effect of which 

 is prevention and cure. His discoveries, which unveiled 

 the mysterious sources of infectious disease, have caused a 

 revolution in medicine and surgery, and led to vast progress 

 in them, making them at once more scientific and efficacious. 

 He may be considered as one of the greatest benefactors 

 of humanity certainly the greatest of our time to be 

 remembered in all ages as Pare, Jenner, and Simpson, all 

 of whom have contributed to the decrease of human suffering. 



1825 92. Bates, with whom Alfred Russell WALLACE 



